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The organization of football in France is based on a hierarchical league system, which allows clubs to ascend or descend based on their performances. This structure is divided into several levels, ranging from professional football to amateur football.
At the top of the hierarchy is the Ligue 1, which is the highest level of French football. It comprises 20 professional clubs that compete for the title of French champion. The bottom two clubs in the standings at the end of the season are relegated to the Ligue 2, which also includes 20 clubs. The top two clubs from Ligue 2 are promoted to Ligue 1, while the bottom three are relegated to the Championnat National.
The Championnat National, the third level of French football, hosts 18 clubs, mainly semi-professional. The top two teams are promoted to Ligue 2, and the bottom four are relegated to the National 2. This level is subdivided into four groups of 16 clubs each, operating on the same principle of promotion and relegation with the Championnat National and the National 3.
The National 3, the fifth level of French football, is organized into 12 regional groups. It includes amateur clubs as well as reserve teams of professional clubs. Beyond the National 3, the system continues with regional and departmental divisions, highlighting the depth and richness of French football at all levels of competition.
Levels 6 to 8 are made up of the Régional 1, Régional 2, and Régional 3, which are organized by regional leagues. Levels 9 to 11 are made up of the Départemental 1, Départemental 2, and Départemental 3, which are organized by departmental districts. Finally, levels 12 to 15 are made up of the Départemental 4, Départemental 5, Départemental 6, and Départemental 7, which are also organized by departmental districts.
The French Football Federation (FFF) is the official body governing football in France. Established in 1919, it is responsible for organizing and developing football at all levels, from amateur football to professional competitions. The FFF also oversees national teams, including the French men's, women's, and youth teams. Its role extends to managing the rules of the game, promoting sportsmanship, and overseeing ethics in the sport.
Under the auspices of the FFF is the Professional Football League (LFP), which manages the men's professional leagues, Ligue 1 and Ligue 2, as well as the League Cup. The FFF also organizes the Coupe de France, a competition open to all French clubs, from amateur to professional. Beyond competitions, the FFF places a strong emphasis on developing women's football, sports infrastructures, and training programs for players and coaches.